{"id":67,"date":"2024-12-17T14:59:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T19:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/devhbc.oaith.ca\/?page_id=67"},"modified":"2025-05-27T12:26:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T16:26:14","slug":"chapter-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/chapter-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapitre 3 :\nLa r\u00e9action au traumatisme"},"content":{"rendered":"&#8220;When threatened or injured, all animals draw from a &#8220;library&#8221; of possible responses. We orient, dodge, duck, stiffen, brace, retract, fight, flee, freeze, collapse, etc. All of these coordinated responses are somatically based- they are things that the body does to protect and defend itself.&#8221;<br \/>\r\n-Peter Levine\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/brains-up.png\" alt=\"Half brain - half fingerprint symbols\" width=\"810\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>When a woman senses danger or is attacked, her body sends automatic signals to her brain to alert her nervous system that there is a threat to her safety and a cascade of neurobiological defense responses is set off, which is often over simplified as &#8220;fight or flight&#8221;. A woman does not choose which response is initiated during an attack but may feel guilt, shame, confusion, and anger for not responding a certain way during a violent attack. Often survivors are questioned about their actions and physical responses during an attack. Even decades after a traumatic incident (such as childhood sexual abuse) a smell, sight, sound, touch, or taste may trigger memory fragments and initiate a defense cascade response for an older woman. This trauma response effectively impairs the rational, logical, thinking part of the brain, which is further confused by the attachment circuitry activated at the same time as fear circuitry, when a woman experiences violence from someone she knows and trusts. Attachment circuitry also suppresses a woman&#8217;s defense circuitry.<\/p>\r\n<h2>The &#8220;F&#8217;s&#8221; of Survival<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Arr\u00eater, regarder, \u00e9couter<\/strong> \u2013 Le <strong>syst\u00e8me nerveux parasympathique<\/strong> de la femme ralentit son coeur pendant que son <strong>syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique<\/strong> pr\u00e9pare ses muscles pour l\u2019action.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Se battre ou prendre la fuite<\/strong> \u2013 La femme est en <strong>hyper\u00e9veil<\/strong>. Son <strong>syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique<\/strong> la pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 fuir ou, si la fuite est impossible, \u00e0 se battre. Sa fr\u00e9quence cardiaque et sa respiration s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent. Le sang afflue dans les muscles de ses bras et de ses jambes.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\u00catre effray\u00e9e<\/strong> \u2013 La femme panique, se sent naus\u00e9euse et \u00e9tourdie. Ses <strong>syst\u00e8mes nerveux sympathique et parasympathique<\/strong> sont tous les deux tr\u00e8s actifs, ce qui pourrait la faire agir abruptement.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Signaler<\/strong> \u2013 L\u2019\u00e9tape du d\u00e9sespoir. Le <strong>syst\u00e8me nerveux parasympathique<\/strong> de la femme prend le dessus. Sa fr\u00e9quence cardiaque et sa tension art\u00e9rielle baissent. Ses \u00ab circuits d\u2019incarnation \u00bb \u2013 le syst\u00e8me de son cerveau qui lui permet de sentir son corps \u2013 sont compromis. Elle pourrait avoir de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 bouger. Elle pourrait se sentir engourdie ou s\u00e9par\u00e9e de son corps. Nous appelons cet \u00e9tat de d\u00e9connection \u00ab <strong>hypo\u00e9veil<\/strong> \u00bb.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>S\u2019\u00e9vanouir<\/strong> \u2013 Si la menace ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas, une <strong>pouss\u00e9e parasympathique<\/strong> pourrait ralentir la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque d\u2019une femme, r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9bit d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne dans son cerveau et interrompre les signaux de son tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral qui maintiennent sa tonicit\u00e9 musculaire. Cette interruption peut rendre la femme immobile ou faire qu\u2019elle s\u2019\u00e9croule. Le terme <strong>immobilit\u00e9 hypotonique<\/strong> d\u00e9crit cette r\u00e9action.<\/p>\r\n<p>(Follette, Briere, Rozelle, Hopper, Rome, 2014; Kozlowska, Walker, McLean, Carrive, 2015; Schwartz, 2016).<\/p>\r\n<h2>La dissociation, l\u2019immobilit\u00e9 tonique et hypotonique<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>La <strong>dissociation<\/strong><\/strong>\u00a0is the brain&#8217;s way of disconnecting the body from a traumatic experience, or the impacts of trauma.<\/p>\r\n<p>Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est courant chez les survivantes de traumatisme et il peut souvent \u00eatre confondu avec l\u2019intoxication, le refus de coop\u00e9rer et la tromperie. Les femmes qui ont v\u00e9cu une peur extr\u00eame, un contact physique avec un agresseur, de la contrainte physique ou une impression que cela est in\u00e9vitable pourraient aussi avoir une <strong>immobilit\u00e9 tonique<\/strong> durant une agression.<\/p>\r\n\t<p><strong>L\u2019immobilit\u00e9 tonique (gel\u00e9e par la peur)<\/strong>\u00a0se produit quand une personne (on le voit aussi chez les animaux comme le chevreuil, les requins, les souris et les lapins) est extr\u00eamement effray\u00e9e et qu\u2019elle devient immobile, les membres rigides, comme gel\u00e9e et qu\u2019elle maintient cette position.\u00a0<strong>L\u2019immobilit\u00e9 tonique<\/strong>\u00a0peut inclure le regard fixe ou d\u00e9concentr\u00e9, des sensations de froid, un \u00e9vanouissement et de l\u2019engourdissement ou de l\u2019insensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la douleur. Il peut y avoir des p\u00e9riodes intermittentes o\u00f9 les yeux sont ferm\u00e9s. Une femme peut \u00eatre gel\u00e9e par la peur, incapable de bouger ou de parler, mais \u00eatre alerte et consciente ou elle peut faire l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la\u00a0<strong>dissociation<\/strong>. This may last seconds or hours and terminate suddenly. This was previously referred to in sexual assault cases as &#8220;rape-induced paralysis.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>L\u2019immobilit\u00e9 hypotonique<\/strong>\u00a0est souvent d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme\u00a0<em>&#8220;playing dead&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0m\u00eame si cette description est inexacte puisque le cerveau a choisi cette d\u00e9fense. Elle se caract\u00e9rise par une diminution de la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, de la tension art\u00e9rielle et par la r\u00e9duction d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne au cerveau rendant la personne incapable de parler ou de bouger, en plus de lui faire perdre sa tonicit\u00e9 musculaire. En cherchant un sens \u00e0 une agression bouleversante et terrifiante, une survivante pourrait dire qu\u2019elle a pr\u00e9tendu dormir, qu\u2019elle s\u2019est \u00e9vanouie ou qu\u2019elle a perdu la carte pendant l\u2019attaque.<\/p>\r\n\t<h3>Les hormones secr\u00e9t\u00e9es lors d\u2019un traumatisme<\/h3>\r\n<p>Les r\u00e9actions hormonales au traumatisme peuvent apparaItre imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s le traumatisme ou plusieurs heures ou jours plus tard (Smith, 2017).<\/p>\r\n<p>GELER - Opiac\u00e9s ou oxitocine pour r\u00e9duire la douleur physique et augmenter les sentiments positifs.<\/p>\r\n<p>FUIR OU SE BATTRE - Cortisol et cat\u00e9cholamines pour augmenter l\u2019\u00e9nergie et l\u2019adr\u00e9naline.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/tonic-immobility.png\" alt=\"Tonic immobility: deer in headlights\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"394\" width=\"614\" title=\"L\u2019immobilit\u00e9 tonique\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\r\n\t\tL\u2019immobilit\u00e9 tonique\r\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/collapsed-immobility.png\" alt=\"Collapsed immobility: deer playing dead\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"393\" width=\"614\" title=\"L\u2019immobilit\u00e9 hypotonique\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\r\n\t\tL\u2019immobilit\u00e9 hypotonique\r\n\t<p>Many women experience tonic immobility during a sexual or physical assault; paralysis that lasts for seconds, minutes, even hours. The woman can&#8217;t speak or move, but remains alert. After the assault, she might blame herself for not having resisted.<\/p>\r\n<p>A woman who has survived an assault may tell you she feels &#8220;spaced out,&#8221; &#8220;numb,&#8221; or &#8220;disconnected.&#8221; Letting her know these are natural responses that many survivors of trauma experience can help her to feel supported, less alone, and hopeful that her feelings of disconnect and numbness might change.<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/food-for-thought.png\" alt=\"brain food icon\" width=\"97\" height=\"110\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Mati\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9flexion :<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Est-ce qu\u2019une femme vous a d\u00e9j\u00e0 racont\u00e9 qu\u2019elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 incapable de bouger pendant une attaque ? Comment se sentait-elle en essayant de se rappeler de l\u2019attaque ?<\/li>\r\n<li>Quels facteurs seraient importants \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer dans votre ton de voix, votre comportement, vos gestes et votre espace physique quand vous \u00eates avec une femme qui a v\u00e9cu un traumatisme complexe ?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/chapter-2\/\" target=\"_self\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/chapter-4-the-legacy-of-trauma\/\" target=\"_self\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage suivante\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;When threatened or injured, all animals draw from a &#8220;library&#8221; of possible responses. We orient, dodge, duck, stiffen, brace, retract, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"left-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":184,"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions\/184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbrainchose.oaith.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}